γ-Terpinene is a monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including C. sativa, with diverse biological activities. It scavenges 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) free radicals (IC50s = 2.8 and 30 mM, respectively) and reduces hemolysis induced by AAPH in isolated human erythrocytes. γ-Terpinene reduces the growth of T. evansi in a concentration-dependent manner. It increases membrane permeability and decreases growth of X. oryzae bacteria. In vivo, γ-terpinene (100 mg/kg) reduces Triton WR1339-induced increases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats. It reduces paw edema induced by histamine, bradykinin , carrageenan, and prostaglandin E2 in mice. It also inhibits fluid extravasation in a mouse model of acetic acid microvascular permeability and reduces neutrophil migration in lung in a mouse model of acute lung injury.